摘要犬咬伤是指犬齿咬合、切割人体组织导致的皮肤破损、组织撕裂、出血和感染等损伤。除了一般化脓性感染外，犬咬伤还可引起狂犬病、破伤风、气性坏疽等特殊感染。全世界每年有近亿人次被犬咬伤，我国是世界上犬只数量最多的国家，2012年就达到1.3亿只，每年咬伤人数超过1200万。犬咬伤是狂犬病病毒最主要的传播方式，狂犬病的病死率几乎是100%。从世界范围看，每年因狂犬病死亡人数约5.9万人，99%的人狂犬病病例是由犬只传播的，小部分是通过野生动物（如狐狸、狼、豺狼、蝙蝠、浣熊、臭鼬或猫鼬等）传播。虽然近年来我国人狂犬病病例逐年下降，但仍然是世界卫生组织（World Health Organization, WHO）认定的狂犬病高风险国家之一。犬咬伤不仅可以导致复杂、严重的伤口和并发症，还可以导致机体组织和器官损毁、身体残疾甚至死亡。近几年狂犬病一直居我国37种法定报告传染病死亡数前列，对我国人民群众的身心健康和社会安定造成了危害。犬咬伤是急诊外科常见的问题,正确的早期伤口处理、易感染伤口预防性抗生素应用、根据需要及免疫史进行狂犬病等疾病的预防是犬咬伤处理基本原则。目前国内尚无可供临床参考的犬咬伤处置共识，为规范临床诊疗行为，提高犬咬伤诊治水平，降低病死率，防治并发症，专家组制定了本共识。
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