摘要创伤是指机械力作用于人体后所造成的机体结构完整性的破坏和功能障碍。据WHO统计，全球约10%的死亡和16%的致残病例因创伤所致，同时创伤也是全球40岁以下人群的首要死因。
创伤失血性休克是指创伤造成机体大量失血所致有效循环血量减少、组织灌注不足、细胞代谢紊乱和器官功能受损的病理生理过程。休克常常合并低血压（定义为收缩压＜90 mm Hg，脉压差＜20 mm Hg，或原有高血压者收缩压自基线下降≥40 mm Hg）。30%~40%的创伤患者死亡是因为失血过多所致，这类患者中，据估计10%~20%因为错误的救治方案及不恰当的治疗措施而死亡，急性失血是创伤首要的可预防性死因。及时快速控制出血、纠正失血性休克，对于严重创伤患者至关重要，可有效减少多器官功能障碍综合征（multiple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS）发生率，降低病死率。
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