[1]Dev SP, Stefan RA, Saun T, et al. Videos in clinical medicine. Insertion of an intraosseous needle in adults[J]. N Engl J Med, 2014, 370(24): e35.[2]汪宇鹏,祖凌云,高炜,等. 北京地区医护人员对骨髓腔内输液知晓现况的调查研究[J].中国医学前沿杂志(电子版), 2016, 8(9): 77-81. [3]Drinker C, Drinker K, Lund C. The circulation in the mammalian bone marrow[J]. Am J Physiol, 1922, 62: 1-92.[4]Sawyer RW, Bodai BI, Blaisdell FW, et al. The current status of intraosseous infusion[J]. J Am Coll Surg, 1994, 179(3): 353-360.[5]Standards and guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC). National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council[J]. JAMA, 1986, 255(21):2905-2989.[6]Fiser DH. Intraosseous infusion[J]. N Engl J Med, 1990, 322(22): 1579-1581. [7]ECC Committee, Subcommittees and Task Forces of the American Heart Association. 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care[J]. Circulation, 2005, 112(24 Suppl): Ⅳ1-203.[8]Field JM, Hazinski MF, Sayre MR, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care[J]. Circulation, 2010, 122(18 Suppl 3): S640-S656.[9]Paxton JH, Knuth TE, Klausner HA. Proximal humerus intraosseous infusion: a preferred emergency venous access[J]. J Trauma, 2009, 67(3): 606-611. [10]Lapostolle F, Catineau J, Garrigue B, et al. Prospective evaluation of peripheral venous access difficulty in emergency care[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2007, 33(8): 1452-1457. [11]Lewis FR. Prehospital intravenous fluid therapy: physiologic computer modelling[J]. J Trauma, 1986, 26(9): 804-811.[12]Minville V, Pianezza A, Asehnoune K, et al. Prehospital intravenous line placement assessment in the French emergency system: a prospective study[J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2006, 23(7): 594-597. [13]Costantino TG, Parikh AK, Satz WA, et al. Ultrasonography-guided peripheral intravenous access versus traditional approaches in patients with difficult intravenous access[J]. Ann Emerg Med, 2005, 46(5): 456-461. [14]Paxton JH, Knuth TE, Klausner HA. Proximal humerus intraosseous infusion: a preferred emergency venous access[J]. J Trauma, 2009, 67(3): 606-611. [15]Lee PM, Lee C, Rattner P, et al. Intraosseous Versus Central Venous Catheter Utilization and Performance During Inpatient Medical Emergencies[J]. Crit Care Med, 2015, 43(6): 1233-1238. [16]Leidel BA, Kirchhoff C, Bogner V, et al. Comparison of intraosseous versus central venous vascular access in adults under resuscitation in the emergency department with inaccessible peripheral veins[J]. Resuscitation, 2012, 83(1): 40-45. [17]Kurowski A, Timler D, Ecrin T, et al. Comparison of 3 different intraosseous access devices for adult during resuscitation. Randomized crossover manikin study[J].Am J Emerg Med, 2014, 32(12): 1490-1493. [18]刘艳艳,汪宇鹏,祖凌云,等.危重症患者建立骨髓腔内通路和中心静脉通路随机对照研究[J].中华急诊医学杂志, 2018, 27(8): 901-904. [19]Kwon OY, Park SY, Yoon TY. Educational effect of intraosseous access for medical students[J]. Korean J Med Educ, 2014, 26(2): 177-124. [20]Hampton K, Wang E, Argame JI, et al. The effects of tibial intraosseous versus intravenous amiodarone administration in a hypovolemic cardiac arrest procine model[J]. Am J Disaster Med, 2016, 11(4): 253-260. [21]Smith S, Borgkvist B, Kist T, et al. The effects of sternal intraosseous and intravenous administration of amiodarone in a hypovolemic swine cardiac arrest model[J]. Am J Disaster Med, 2016, 11(4): 271-277. [22]Von Hoff DD, Kuhn JG, Burris HA, et al. Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study[J]. Amer J Emerg Med, 2008, 26: 31-38.[23]Hoskins SL, Kramer GC, Stephens CT, et al. Efficacy of epinephrine delivery via the intraosseous humeral head route during CPR[J]. Circulation, 2006, 114(18): 1204.[24]Hoskins SL, Nascimento P Jr, Lima RM, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intraosseous and central venous drug delivery during cardiopulmonary resuscitation[J]. Resuscitation, 2012, 83(1): 107-112. [25]Ong MEH, Chan YH, Oh JJ, et al. An observational, prospective study comparing tibial and humeral intraosseous access using the EZ-IO[J].Am J Emerg Med, 2009, 27(1): 8-15. [26]Pasley J, Miller CH, DuBose JJ, et al. Intraosseous infusion rates under high pressure: A cadaveric comparison of anatomic sites[J]. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 2015, 78(2): 295-299. [27]黄新,柯友洋. 骨髓腔内输液在成人急救中的临床应用研究[J].医学研究生学报, 2013, 26(9): 956-958.[28]Rosetti VA,Thompson BM,Miller J,et al. Intraosseous infusion: an alternative route of pediatric intravascular access[J]. Ann Emerg Med, 1985, 14(9): 885-888.[29]Bowley DM, Loveland J, Pitcher GJ. Tibial fracture as a complication of intraosseous infusion during pediatric resuscitation[J]. J Trauma, 2003, 55(4): 786-787. [30]Mller JC, Tegtmeyer FK, Schaible TF, et al. Intraosseous puncture as vascular access in pediatric emergency and intensive care medicine[J]. Anaesthesiol Reanim, 1996, 21(4): 103-107.[31]Okada M, Yoshihara S, Taniguchi K, et al. Intrabone marrow transplantation of unwashed cord blood using reduced-intensity conditioning treatment: a phase I study[J]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 2012, 18(4): 633-639. [32]Frassoni F, Gualandi F, Podestà M, et al. Direct intrabone transplant of unrelated cord-blood cells in acute leukaemia: a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ study[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2008, 9(9): 831-839. [33]刘艳艳,汪宇鹏,祖凌云,等. 骨髓腔内通路用于实验室检查的研究现状[J]. 中国医学前沿杂志(电子版), 2016, 8(11): 24-27.